References

  • Abdulla, Rasha. “Mapping Digital Media: Egypt”. Open Society Foundation, 2013.
  • Al Ahram Onine. Egypt’s Shorouk Newspaper raises price, apologizes to its reader. January 10, 2017.
  • Allam, R. & Amin, H. (2017). “Journalism Education in Egypt: Benchmarking Academic Developments and Professional Needs”. In R. Goodman & E. Steyn (Eds), Global Journalism Education in the 21st Century. Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas- 2017.  
  • Allam, Rasha (2016). Egypt’s New Media Regulatory System: Challenges and Opportunities. Policy Brief Series. School of Global Affairs and Public Policy. Issue no. 4. Feb. 2017.
  • Allam, Rasha. “The Future of the Egyptian Media after Revolution”. Al Masry Al Youm: February 2012.
  • Amin, Hussein Y. and James Napoli. “Media and Power in Egypt”, James Curran and Myung-Jin Park, ed. London and New York ROUTEDGE (2000).
  • Amin, Hussein. “Egypt, Status of Media” in the Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications, published Academic Press(2002).
  • Arab Media Outlook Report 2016-2018: Youth, Content, Digital Media. 5th edition. Dubai Press Club.
  • Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS), Year Book, 2017. Cairo, Egypt.
  • Egyptian Radio and Television Union (ERTU). “Year Book, 2016”. Cairo Egypt.
  • Eissa, Salah. “The National Print Media: Government Support, Budget Deficit, and Non-Defined Role”, Al Badeel: 15 December 2016. Newspaper.
  • El Gody, Ahmed (2014). Interactivity in Egyptian newspapers, Social Semiotics, 25:1, 33-56.
  • Fayek, Ahmed. The losses of the Egyptian Private Media during Ramadan  Al Fagr: 23 June 2017. Newspaper.
  • Fouad, Ahmed. “Is this the death of print Media in Egypt?” April 22, 2016.
  • Gallup (2014). Contemporary Media Use in Egypt. Broadcasting Board of Governance.
  • ICT Indictors in Brief. Monthly Brief, November 2017. Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT), and Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS), Year Book, 2017. Cairo, Egypt.
  • Interview with Hagar Gamil, content manager at Nile Radio Network, Cairo, 15 Jan. 2018.
  • Interview with Dr. Abdel Moneim Said, former CEO of Al-Ahram newspaper and former director of the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies.
  • Interview with Karma Gabr, head of NCPM, Cairo, 12 February 2018.
  • Interview with Mohamed El Moatasem, journalist and former manager Al Watan newspaper website, Cairo, Jan. 20, 2018.
  • Interview. Laila Ebada. Journalist and specialised in Press Syndicate news coverage, Cairo, 14 Jan. 2018.
  • Law 92/2016: The Institutional Regulation of the Egyptian Media.
  • Mainwaring, Simon. Exactly what Role Did Social Media play in the Egyptian Revolution?. Fastcompany.com. Feb. 11, 2014.
  • Media Use in the Middle East (2017). A Seven-Nation Survey. Northwestern University in Qatar. Mediastmedia.org.
  • Mekkawy, Hassan. “The Egyptian Media: Low Professionalism, lots of ViolationsAl Watan: 12 August 2014. Newspaper.
  • Mekkawy, Hassan: “The Egyptian Media and the Democratic Transition”. The Democratic Transition Series, 2013.
  • Oxford Business group. Advertising expenditure on the rise in Egypt.
  • Rugh, William. “Arab Mass Media. Newspaper, Radio and Television in Arab Politics. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004.
  • Shuman, Mohamed. “The Danger of Private Media in Egypt”. Al-Ahram Online. February, 15.