Professional development
There is no general obligation for journalists to attend further education courses. Some media organizations, however, support (and pay for) such endeavors. Information about the development of journalism is not constantly available, but research had been undertaken in recent years for better understanding the profession of journalism (see Hummel, Kirchhoff, Prandner 2013). Data show that there are as many fully employed journalists as there are freelance journalists. More than half of all journalists have a university degree (women more often than men). Journalists normally work across different media, with online being the obvious addition to print, television and radio.