References
from Overview to Education (Professional development)
· AGB-Ipsos Stat People Meter, Lebanon Media Landscape, Media Direction OMD Report, 2010
· Arab Social Media Report, Social Media and the Internet of Things, 2017
· Bank Med, Analysis of Lebanon’s Media and Advertising Sector, May 2015.
· Boulos, Jean Claude, La Télé, Quel Enfer!, Dar An-Nahar, Beirut, 2007.
· Boulos, Jean Claude, La Télé, Quelle Histoire!, Editions FMA, Beirut, 1995.
· Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Statistics on Arab Media,” Arab Reform Bulletin 2(11), December 2004.
· CIA, The World Factbook - Lebanon, 2011.
· Dabbous Yasmine, “Media With a Mission: Why Fairness and Balance Are Not Priorities in Lebanon’s Journalistic Codes”, International Journal of Communication 4 (2010), pp. 719–737.
· Dajani Nabil, Disoriented Media in a Fragmented Society: The Lebanese Experience, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1992.
· Dubai Press Club, Arab Media Outlook 2009-2013.
· Dubai School of Government’s Governance and Innovation Program, The Arab Social Media Report 2015.
· Fandy Mamoun, (Un)Civil War of Words - Media and Politics in the Arab World, Praeger Security International 2007.
· Feedspot, Top 75 Lebanese Websites And Blogs for Lebanese People in 2020
· Hallin Daniel C. and Mancini Paolo, Comparing Media Systems, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
· Hammoud M.M. and Afifi W., “Lebanon,” in Kamalipour Y.R. and Mowlana H. (eds), Mass Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1994, pp. 160–178.
· Issa Nadine, Le Prêt- à- Penser confessionnel - Médias Outils ou Médias Utiles, Imprimerie al-Hurriyat, Beirut, 2009.
· Industry Arabic, Ranked: The Most Influential Arabic Newspapers, 2020
· Internet World Stats, Lebanon Internet Stats and Telecommunications, 2019
· Lebanon Profile – Media, BBC News, 6 Jan 2020
· Lekas Miller Anna, Digital Rights and Online Expression in Lebanon, SKeys Foundation, Beirut.
· Maharat Foundation, Internet Legislation Atlas (ILA) Country report: Lebanon, 2015.
· MARCH, Freedom of Expression – Know your Digital Rights, 2018
· MARCH, Loopholes in the Lebanese Censorship System, 2018
· Media in Lebanon: Towards Enhancing Freedom of Expression, 2012.
· Melki Jad, “Journalism and Media Studies in Lebanon,” Journalism Studies, 2009, pp. 672–690.
· Melki Jad, Dabbous Yasmine, Nasser Khaled and Mallat Sarah, Mapping Digital Media: Lebanon Open Society Foundations Media Program, 2012.
· Open Society Foundation, Mapping Digital Media in Lebanon, 2012.
· Power C., Media in Lebanon: Reporting on a Nation Divided. International Press Institute 2006.
· SKeyes, Reporters Without Borders, Media Ownership Monitor Lebanon
· Social Bakers, Twitter Statistics for Lebanon, 2020
· Richani (El-) Sarah, The Lebanese Media: Anatomy of a System in Perpetual Crisis, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016.
· Rugh William, Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics, Praeger, Westport, CT, 2004.
· Saghieh, N., Saghieh, R. Geagea, N., Censorship in Lebanon: Law and Practice. Heinrich Böll Foundation.
· Talhouk Firas, Lebanon: Annual Report 2014, SKeys Foundation, Beirut.
· World Bank, Country Data, 2016.
from Education (Media development organisations) to Traditional forms of communication
· Abbassi, Alaa, Lake, Andrew, El Sayed, Cherine. IFC mobile money scoping country report: Lebanon. World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2012.
· Abi Sa‘b, Pierre. Ziyad Duayri… I‘tadhir ‘an saqtatika al-isra’iliyya, in al-Akhbar (7 September 2017).
· al-Mutairi, Shihanah M., Yen Dorothy. International Diffusion of Digital Innovations: Mapping the Mobile Telephony of the Arab States, in The Bottom Line, vol. 30, issue 4, 2017, pp. 310-329.
· Arab Media Outlook, 2016-2018. Youth… Content… Digital Media, Dubai Press Club/Dubai Media City, Dubai 2018.
· ArabNet. Lebanese Innovation Economy Tech Startups 2018 Report.
· Baller, Silja, Dutta, Soumitra and Lanvin, Bruno (eds.). Global Information Technology Report 2016. Innovating in the Digital Economy. World Economic Forum and INSEAD, Geneva 2016.
· Burkhalter, Thomas, Dickinson, Kay and Harbert, Benjamin J. (eds.). The Arab Avant-Garde: Music, Politics, Modernity. Wesleyan University Press, Middleton, CT 2013.
· Byblos Bank. Lebanon This Week (14-19 September 2015).
· el-Richani, Sarah. The Lebanese Media. Anatomy of a System in Perpetual Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan US 2016.
· GSMA. The Mobile Economy. Middle East and North Africa 2017.
· Hammond, Andrew. Pop Culture in North Africa and the Middle East. Entertainment and Society around the World. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA 2017.
· Henley, Alexander D. M. Religious authority and sectarianism in Lebanon. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2016.
· Investment Development Authority of Lebanon, Infrastructure and Logistics Telecommunications, report 2018
· ITU/UNESCO. The State of Broadband 2018: Broadband catalyzing sustainable development, 2018.
· Khatib, Lina. Lebanese Cinema: Imagining the Civil War and Beyond, I. B. Tauris, London 2008.
· Maharat Foundation, Internet Freedom in Lebanon -Report, 2018
· Melki, Jad, Dabbous, Yasmine, Nasser, Khaled and Mallat Sarah. Mapping Digital Media: Lebanon, Open Society Foundations 2012.
· Ministry of Telecommunications, Daring Progress – Telecommunications Public Policy 2014-2015
· Open Signal. The State of LTE (February 2018).
· Reporters Without Borders, 2020 World Press Freedom Index
· Salem, Fadi. The Arab Social Media Report 2017: Social Media and the Internet of Things: Towards Data-Driven Policy Making in the Arab World (Vol. 7). MBR School of Government, Dubai 2017.
· Salem, Fadi. The Arab World Online 2017: Digital Transformations and Societal Trends in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (Vol. 3). MBR School of Government, Dubai 2017.
· SMEX. Two Years of Collective Punishment: Mobile Data Remains Inaccessible to Arsal Residents, 31 March 2017.
· Stoughton, India. Championing culture in Lebanon’s south, in al-Jazeera, 8 August 2016.
· UNESCO. Science Report: towards 2030 (2015).
· UNESCO. Science, Technology and Innovation Policy for Lebanon (2006).
· Valladeres, Carolina. How we started the Arab world’s biggest music service, in BBC News (30 January 2017).
· World Bank. Doing Business 2018. Reforming to Create Jobs. Economy Profile Lebanon. World Bank. Washington, DC 2018.
· World Bank. Lebanon Economic Monitor, Spring 2017. World Bank, Washington, DC 2017.
· World Bank, Lebanon – Education Public Expenditure Review, World Bank Washington DC, 2017.
· World Bank, Lebanon – Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex), World Bank, Washington DC, 2017